Question Focus: The diagram shows the barriers at each end of the lock that open and close to let boats enter and leave.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: Locks have two sets of sluice gates (top and bottom), which seal off and then open the entrances to the chamber
Why this is correct: The diagram is pointing to the structures that close and open at each end of the lock. The passage clearly says locks have two sets of sluice gates that seal off and then open the entrances, so the answer is gates.
Common Mistake: Some students choose entrance because entrances are mentioned nearby. But an entrance is just the opening, not the thing that opens and closes it. This is a context shift trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'two sets of sluice gates' = Diagram: 'gates'
Tips: If the diagram shows something that moves or opens, look for verbs like open, close, seal in the passage.
Key Vocabulary:
- sluice gates = water control doors
- seal off = close completely
Question Focus: The diagram label refers to what changes inside the lock to raise or lower the boat.
Correct Answer: F
Passage Reference: A lock is a section of canal or river that is closed off to control the water level, so that boats can be raised or lowered as they pass through it. Locks have two sets of sluice gates (top and bottom), which seal off and then open the entrances to the chamber, which is where a boat waits while the movement up or down takes place. In addition, locks also have valves at the bottom of the sluice gates and it is by opening these valves that water is allowed into and out of the chamber to raise or lower the water level
Why this is correct: The diagram shows the height difference inside the lock. The passage explains that a lock is used to control the water level and to raise or lower the water level, so the correct label is water level.
Common Mistake: Students sometimes pick lock system because the whole diagram is about locks. But this label points to one specific feature, not the whole system. This is a partial truth trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'raise or lower the water level' = Diagram: 'water level'
Tips: When a diagram label points to a line or height, think about levels or measurements, not objects.
Key Vocabulary:
- control = manage
- raise or lower = move up or down
Question Focus: The diagram label shows the central area where the boat waits inside the lock.
Correct Answer: C
Passage Reference: which seal off and then open the entrances to the chamber, which is where a boat waits while the movement up or down takes place.
Why this is correct: The diagram points to the main enclosed space in the lock. The passage says this area is the chamber, where a boat waits while it moves up or down, so the answer is chamber.
Common Mistake: Some students choose boat because a boat is inside this space. But the question asks for the place, not what is inside it. This is a context shift trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'the chamber where a boat waits' = Diagram: 'chamber'
Tips: Ask yourself: is the label naming a thing, or the place that holds the thing?
Key Vocabulary:
- chamber = enclosed space
- waits = stays for a time
Question Focus: The diagram shows the small controls at the bottom that let water in or out.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: In addition, locks also have valves at the bottom of the sluice gates and it is by opening these valves that water is allowed into and out of the chamber to raise or lower the water level, and hence the boat
Why this is correct: The diagram label points to the controls at the bottom of the gates. The passage explains that locks have valves at the bottom, and opening them lets water move in or out, so the answer is valves.
Common Mistake: Students sometimes pick sluice because it sounds technical and related to water. But the passage talks about sluice gates, not sluice by itself. This is a paraphrase trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'opening these valves' = Diagram: 'valves'
Tips: For lower parts of a diagram, look for words like bottom, below, or underneath in the passage.
Key Vocabulary:
- valves = water controls
- allowed into and out = can flow in and out
General Tips:
- Diagram questions usually follow passage order. Start from the top of the diagram and read the passage in the same order.
- Always ask what the diagram label is pointing to - an object, a place, or a process.
- Use the exact function described in the passage to choose between similar words.
- Cross out each option after you use it so you do not reuse the same word.
