A.I. Explanation:

Option 1: "To promote racial equality and integration"

Explanation: This option is incorrect because the text clearly states that apartheid was a policy of rigid racial segregation, which directly contradicts the idea of promoting racial equality and integration. The aim of apartheid was to enforce separation, not to foster equality.

Option 2: "To establish a democratic society with equal voting rights"

Explanation: This option is incorrect as the text indicates that apartheid denied voting rights to the black majority. Therefore, the aim of apartheid was not to establish a democratic society, but rather to maintain control over the non-white population.

Option 3: "To encourage peaceful protests through boycotts, demonstrations, and strikes"

Explanation: This option is incorrect because while the text mentions that people protested against apartheid through various means, the primary aim of the apartheid policy itself was not to encourage protests but to enforce segregation and deny rights.

Option 4: "To enforce rigid racial segregation and deny rights to the black majority"

Explanation: This option is correct as it aligns perfectly with the text, which states that apartheid was a policy of rigid racial segregation enforced by the government, denying rights to the black majority. The text explicitly describes the various ways in which apartheid limited the rights of non-whites, confirming this as the primary aim.