A.I. Explanation:

Option 1: "Because it was an easy goal to achieve."

Explanation: This option is incorrect because the text explicitly states that the goal of going to the moon was chosen 'not because they are easy, but because they are hard.' This directly contradicts the assertion that it was an easy goal.

Option 2: "To avoid the challenges presented by other nations."

Explanation: This option is incorrect as the text does not mention avoiding challenges from other nations. Instead, it emphasizes embracing challenges, stating that the goal is chosen because it is hard, which implies a willingness to face competition rather than avoid it.

Option 3: "Because it would test and utilise the best of their energies and skills."

Explanation: This option is correct because the text states that the goal of going to the moon will 'serve to organise and measure the best of our energies and skills.' This aligns perfectly with the idea that the challenge would test and utilize their capabilities.

Option 4: "To increase funding for space exploration."

Explanation: This option is incorrect as the text does not mention increasing funding as a reason for choosing the goal of going to the moon. The focus is on the challenge and the effort required, rather than financial motivations.