The Americans sustained savage losses on the Italian mainland against entrenched German forces, notably Atanasio in the spring, the Allies breached the Gustav Line and liberated Rome under the command of General Dwight Eisenhower. Operation Overlord saw the largest amphibious assault. In history, the invasion of Normandy on June 6th, meanwhile, a new Russian offensive pushed to the borders of Poland. Allied forces advanced in Italy broke out of Normandy and landed in southern France. Paris was liberated while in the east Soviet troops took Bucharest. The advance continued on a broad front. Hitler personally directed one final offensive in the West, the Battle of the Bulge, but under the weight of A2 front war, the Third Reich collapsed on April 30th in his bunker beneath the rubble of Berlin. Hitler took his own life. Germany surrendered a week later. The Second World War is history's most destructive conflict. The statistics are numbing among civilian fatalities, about 6 million Jews, two thirds of the total Jewish population of Europe, were systematically slaughtered by the Nazi state.