During this time, my goals are going to be to talk about the phenomenon that we may share impart with other animals, and our language and that is emotion. And also talk about some new technology, brain imagining, functional magnetic resonance imagining that we applied to try to answer some very old questions about how’s does motivation and emotion work. I’m going to present you with the scenario first, and some of you may be familiar with. This was developed by Pavlov over a century ago. And in this scenario, the dog is presented with the sound, the dog waits, and then it’ll see food powder, and this happens repeatedly, things start to happen in the middle of what we’ve already understood point. Interesting things start to happen here. Pavlov’s study was salivation the dog; the salivation increases more time to paralyzes. But other things happened here too. You have a dog move around here more; all kinds of things are going on here. What we were trying to capture was the experiment I’m going on to describe today is what is going on in the brain to generate that state which we called it Pavlov state. But you can also think about the state in terms of how the dogs’ feeling or, how your feeling is about before eating lunch today.