Malaria's ability - Marvel Education

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Practice Listening: Highlight Correct Summary ID: #34840 Medium Malaria's ability

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Transcript:

Malaria's ability to resist drugs is one of the reasons success in eradicating it has leveled off. New ways to tackle malaria are being developed, seeking to wipe out the mosquitoes that carry the disease. A gene editing technology called CRISPR is being used to engineer a gene drive. This creates selfish genes that always passed onto offspring. The aim is to interfere the fertility by driving a gene for sterility through an entire population. As it is passed from generation to generation, the population would be swamped with insects that are unable to reproduce. In theory, they could be driven to extinction. Last year, a team at Imperial College London successfully created a gene drive that wiped out enclosed cohorts of one species of malaria-carrying mosquito. But there is no guarantee that gene drives could work in the many environments where malaria is found in the world, especially in Africa. Humanity had shown that it can control malaria. It has been eradicated in around 35 countries. Currently the best hope lies in the combination of methods. But in the future, a gene drive may be the most effective solution.

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Though it cannot be guaranteed that gene drives can completely eradicate malaria, they have already been proven to be effective in some parts of the world. In the future, gene drives may be the most effective solution. A gene editing technology called CRISPR has been used by scientists to deal with Malaria. Its aim is to eradicate malaria, but it turned out that such technology could only control the disease within Africa. Malaria is only transmitted by mosquitoes, so the only method to eradicate the disease is to wipe out the whole species of malaria-carrying mosquito. Currently, only Africa has successfully eradicated malaria, but in the future the disease may disappear globally. Africa has the most species of mosquito in the whole world, and this is the reason that malaria occurs mainly in Africa. A team from London had invented a new technology to help the African people with the disease, and they are confident to eradicate it in the future.

Result:

A.I. Explanation:

Option 1: "Though it cannot be guaranteed that gene drives can completely eradicate malaria, they have already been proven to be effective in some parts of the world. In the future, gene drives may be the most effective solution."
Explanation: This option accurately reflects the main idea of the text, which discusses the potential of gene drives to control malaria despite uncertainties. The phrase 'cannot be guaranteed' aligns with the text's caution regarding the effectiveness of gene drives in various environments, particularly in Africa. The mention of proven effectiveness in some areas corresponds to the success reported by the team at Imperial College London. Overall, this option captures the essence of the text's argument about the future potential of gene drives as a solution.
Option 2: "A gene editing technology called CRISPR has been used by scientists to deal with Malaria. Its aim is to eradicate malaria, but it turned out that such technology could only control the disease within Africa."
Explanation: This option is incorrect because it misrepresents the text. While it mentions CRISPR, it inaccurately states that the technology's aim is solely to eradicate malaria and that it can only control the disease within Africa. The text indicates that gene drives are being developed to tackle malaria globally, not just in Africa, and emphasizes the uncertainty of their effectiveness in various environments.
Option 3: "Malaria is only transmitted by mosquitoes, so the only method to eradicate the disease is to wipe out the whole species of malaria-carrying mosquito. Currently, only Africa has successfully eradicated malaria, but in the future the disease may disappear globally."
Explanation: This option is incorrect as it presents a narrow view of malaria transmission and eradication methods. The text does not claim that wiping out the entire species is the only method to eradicate malaria. Additionally, it states that malaria has been eradicated in around 35 countries, not just in Africa, which contradicts the assertion that only Africa has successfully eradicated malaria.
Option 4: "Africa has the most species of mosquito in the whole world, and this is the reason that malaria occurs mainly in Africa. A team from London had invented a new technology to help the African people with the disease, and they are confident to eradicate it in the future."
Explanation: This option is incorrect because it introduces unsupported claims about Africa having the most mosquito species and implies that this is the sole reason for malaria's prevalence there. The text does not focus on the number of mosquito species but rather on the development of gene drives as a potential solution. Furthermore, it does not suggest that the team from London is solely focused on helping African people, but rather discusses the broader implications of gene drives for malaria control.

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