A.I. Explanation:

Correct answer: turning his attention

Explanation: The phrase 'turning his attention' fits grammatically as it indicates a shift in focus, aligning with the context of Durkheim finding humanistic studies uninteresting. It also maintains the correct tense and structure for the sentence, indicating a change in his academic interests.

Meaning: 'Turning his attention' means to change focus or interest towards something else, in this case, from psychology and philosophy to ethics and sociology.

Wrong options:

• moving his position: This phrase suggests a physical or metaphorical relocation, which does not fit the context of shifting academic interests.
• alternating his mind: This phrase is not commonly used and does not convey a clear meaning in this context, making it grammatically awkward.
• juggling his job: This implies managing multiple responsibilities rather than changing focus, which does not align with the intended meaning of shifting academic interests.

Correct answer: could not get

Explanation: The phrase 'could not get' is grammatically correct as it indicates a past inability to achieve something, which fits the context of Durkheim's academic struggles. It maintains the past tense consistent with the narrative.

Meaning: 'Could not get' means that he was unable to obtain or achieve a major academic appointment, indicating a lack of success in that regard.

Wrong options:

• hasn't got: This phrase is present perfect and does not fit the past context of the sentence, making it grammatically incorrect.
• were getting: This phrase suggests a continuous action in the past, which does not align with the definitive statement about his inability to secure an appointment.
• can't get: This is present tense and does not match the past context of the sentence, making it inappropriate.

Correct answer: leave for

Explanation: The phrase 'leave for' is grammatically correct as it indicates the action of departing to a specific destination, which fits the context of Durkheim's decision to go to Germany.

Meaning: 'Leave for' means to depart with the intention of going to a particular place, in this case, Germany.

Wrong options:

• came after: This phrase indicates a sequence of events rather than an action of departing, making it contextually irrelevant.
• wrote about: This implies discussing or documenting something, which does not fit the context of making a decision to travel.
• ran across: This suggests encountering something unexpectedly, which does not align with the intentional action of leaving for Germany.

Correct answer: resulted in

Explanation: The phrase 'resulted in' is grammatically correct as it indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, fitting the context of Durkheim's time in Germany leading to the publication of articles.

Meaning: 'Resulted in' means that his period in Germany led to or caused the publication of numerous articles, indicating a productive outcome.

Wrong options:

• flicked through: This phrase suggests a casual or quick examination, which does not fit the context of producing scholarly work.
• was down to: This phrase implies a reason but lacks the active sense of producing results, making it less suitable here.
• achieved by: This suggests a method or means rather than a direct outcome, which does not align with the intended meaning.

Correct answer: gained recognition

Explanation: The phrase 'gained recognition' is grammatically correct as it indicates the achievement of acknowledgment, fitting the context of Durkheim's work being acknowledged in France.

Meaning: 'Gained recognition' means that his articles were acknowledged or appreciated, indicating success in his academic endeavors.

Wrong options:

• gainfully recognised: This phrase is awkward and not commonly used, making it grammatically incorrect in this context.
• gains recognition: This is present tense and does not match the past context of the sentence, making it inappropriate.
• gaining recognise: This phrase is grammatically incorrect as 'recognise' should be 'recognition' and does not fit the context.