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Practice Reading: Fill in the Blanks (Dropdown) ID: #5480 Wood 2
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Woodcuts,  as  printed  illustrations,  went  well  with  type,  which  is  why  this  form  of  printing  was  the  only    used  to  print  pictures  together  with  moveable  type  until  late  in  the  16th  century.  Woodblocks  and  type  are  both  relief  surfaces  -  that  is,  raised  from  the  flat  surface  of  the  block  -  and  are    the  same  height  on  the  bed  of  the  printing  press;  furthermore,  the  same  oil-based  ink  can  be  used  on  both  surfaces  so  that  they  can  be  printed  simultaneously.  As  with  cutting  the  woodblocks  and  setting  the  type,  the  ink  was  applied  by  hand,  using  what  was    an  "ink  ball"  -  a  pad  made  of  leather  stuffed  with  wool  or  hair  and  tied  around  a  wooden  handle.  The  ink  was  like  a  thick  black  oil  paint  and  it  usually    of  a  mixture  of  linseed  oil  that  had  been  boiled  until  it  was  free  of  fats,  and  various  pigments.  Varnishes  were  then  added  to  get  the  ink  to  the  right  consistency  or  thickness,  and  also  as  an  aid  to  drying.
Book  illustration,  then,  was  to  be  one  of  the  major  factors  in  the  development  of  the  woodcut,  and  its  influence  lasted  until  the  19th  century.  The  aesthetic  side  of  book  making  -  the  arrangement  of  the  text,  ornamentation  and  pictures  together  on  the  page  -  required  an  inventive  and  subtle    to  the  problems  of  pictorial  composition.

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