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Practice Reading: Fill in the Blanks (Dropdown) ID: #51294 July Prediction Invention and Innovation
Instructions
For  our  purposes  the  words  'invention'  and  'innovation'  can  be  used  interchangeably.  More  ,  however,  the  term  'invention'  refers  to  the  discovery  of  new  products  or  processes,  while  'innovation'  refers  to  the  commercialization  (bringing  to  the  market)  of  new  products  or  processes.  ,  we  can  distinguish  between  product  innovations  and  process  innovations.  Product  innovations  result    the  production  of  a  new  product,  such  as  the  change  from  a  three-wheel  car  to  a  four-wheel  car,  or  the  change  from  LP  records  to  CDs.  Process  innovations  increase  the    of  the  methods  of  production  of  existing  products,  for  example  the  invention  of  the  assembly-line  technique.  The  inventions  and  innovations  that  form  industrial  revolutions  are  those  that  open  new  doors  and  create  new  ways  of  doing  things,  not  simply  those  that  fill  gaps  in  existing  ways  of  doing  things  (Mokyr,  1997).  The  core  of  the  First  Industrial  Revolution  in  the  eighteenth  century  was  a  succession  of  technological  changes  that  brought  about  material  advances  in  three  basic  areas:  (1)  the  substitution  of  mechanical  devices  (such  as  machines)  for  human  labour;  (2)  the  substitution  of  inanimate  sources  of  power  (such  as  steam)  for  animate  sources  of  power  (such  as  horse  power);  and  (3)  the  substitution  of  mineral  raw  materials  for  vegetable  or  animal  substances,  and  in  general  the  use  of  new  and  more    raw  materials.

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