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Practice Reading: Fill in the Blanks (Dropdown) ID: #50886 Manga

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If Japan's rise to economic superpower dominated U.S. academic discussions in the 1980s, the last 15 years or so have been by an intense fascination, both in academic and popular discourse, with the country's perceived increase in global cultural influence. As Pokémon and Hello Kitty invaded U.S. TV screens and supermarket aisles at a time when, paradoxically, Japanese economic influence was on the decline, U.S. scholars started to point to the emergence of a new kind of Japanese superpower. The discussion shifted from Japan's Gross National Product to its "Gross National Cool". The characters in Japanese animated cartoon series and in the related genre of manga (Japanese-style comic books or graphic novels), along with their video game cousins, came to symbolize a new order in millennial capitalism by a decline in U.S. cultural hegemony and the fragmentation of global powers. Thus, Japanese animation provides a logical starting point to an analysis aimed at decentralizing the role of the United States as the world’s most significant global cultural producer. This chapter will demonstrate, however, that while intending to point to Japan's growing influence and to a relative decline in U.S. power, the academic and popular discourse about Japanese animation's "global" popularity has paradoxically resulted in the re-centralizing of the United States as both a global cultural producer and a consumer of globalized cultural forms. Turning a translocal lens to the genre's transnational spread, this chapter illustrates the multiple ways in which this discourse is problematic. Throughout the chapter, the names of a few scholars will frequently reappear. These scholars are most assertively critiqued here not because their work is particularly problematic but, , because they have produced the most comprehensive and sophisticated studies of Japanese animation and/or comics.

Result:

A.I. Explanation:

Correct answer: marked
Explanation: The word 'marked' fits grammatically as it indicates that the last 15 years have been characterized by a significant feature, which is the intense fascination with Japan's cultural influence. This aligns with the context of the sentence, which discusses a notable trend in academic and popular discourse.
Meaning: 'Marked' means to be distinguished or characterized by a specific quality or feature, indicating that the last 15 years have been notably defined by this fascination.
Wrong options:
dedicated: 'Dedicated' implies a commitment or devotion to something, which does not fit the context of describing a period characterized by a fascination.
made: 'Made' is a verb that does not convey the sense of defining or characterizing a period, making it unsuitable in this context.
inspired: 'Inspired' suggests a motivation or influence, which does not accurately describe the nature of the last 15 years as being defined by fascination.
Correct answer: characterized
Explanation: The word 'characterized' is appropriate here as it indicates that the new order in millennial capitalism is defined by a specific feature, which is the decline in U.S. cultural hegemony. This fits grammatically and contextually, as it describes the nature of the new order.
Meaning: 'Characterized' means to be marked by or to have a particular quality, indicating that the new order is defined by the decline in U.S. cultural dominance.
Wrong options:
pocessed: 'Pocessed' is not a valid English word and does not fit grammatically or contextually.
opposed: 'Opposed' suggests a conflict or resistance, which does not align with the context of describing a defining feature of a new order.
tangled: 'Tangled' implies confusion or complexity, which does not accurately describe the nature of the new order in capitalism.
Correct answer: concomitant
Explanation: The word 'concomitant' fits well as it indicates that the relative decline in U.S. power occurs simultaneously with Japan's growing influence. This aligns with the context of the sentence, which discusses two related trends.
Meaning: 'Concomitant' means occurring or existing at the same time, suggesting that Japan's rise in influence is happening alongside a decline in U.S. power.
Wrong options:
discrete: 'Discrete' means separate or distinct, which does not fit the context of describing two trends that are happening simultaneously.
proportional: 'Proportional' refers to a relationship in size or amount, which does not accurately describe the relationship between Japan's influence and U.S. power.
legitimate: 'Legitimate' means valid or lawful, which does not relate to the context of describing the simultaneous trends in influence and power.
Correct answer: on the contrary
Explanation: 'On the contrary' is the correct phrase as it introduces a contrasting idea, indicating that despite the critiques, these scholars have produced valuable work. This fits grammatically and contextually, as it sets up a contrast to the previous statement.
Meaning: 'On the contrary' means to indicate that something is true in opposition to what has been stated, emphasizing the value of the scholars' work despite critiques.
Wrong options:
however: 'However' is a transitional word that introduces a contrast but does not fit as smoothly in this context as 'on the contrary' does.
in addition: 'In addition' suggests adding information rather than contrasting it, making it unsuitable for this context.
on the whole: 'On the whole' implies a generalization or summary, which does not convey the necessary contrast that 'on the contrary' provides.

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