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Practice Reading: Reading and Writing Fill in the Blanks ID: #31571 Ocean Floor
Instructions
The  ocean  floor  is  home  to  many  unique  communities  of  plants  and  animals.  Most  of  these  marine  ecosystems  are  near  the  water  surface,  such  as  the  Great  Barrier  Reef,  a  2,000-km  long  coral    off  the  north-eastern  coast  of  Australia.  Coral  reefs,  like  nearly  all  complex  living  communities,  depend  on  solar  energy  for  growth  (photosynthesis).  The  sun's  energy,  however,  penetrates  at  most  only  about  300m  below  the  surface  of  the  water.  The  relatively  shallow  penetration  of  solar  energy  and  the  sinking  of  cold,  subpolar  water  combine  to  make  most  of  the  deep  ocean  floor  a    environment  with  few  life  forms.
In  1977,  scientists  discovered  hot  springs  at  a  depth  of  2.5  km,  on  the  Galapagos  Rift  (spreading  ridge)  off  the  coast  of  Ecuador.  This  exciting  discovery  was  not  a  .  Since  the  early  1970s,  scientists  had  predicted  that  hot  springs  (geothermal  vents)  should  be  found  at  the  active  spreading  centres  along  the  mid-oceanic  ridges,  where  magma,  at  temperatures  over  1,000  °Presumably  was  being  erupted  to  form  new  oceanic  crust.  More  exciting,  because  it  was  totally  ,  was  the  discovery  of  abundant  and  unusual  sea  life  -  giant  tube  worms,  huge  clams,  and  mussels  -  that    around  the  hot  springs.

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