Read the following passage.
A. Fibre-optic cables carry information as extremely fast flashes of light through thin threads of glass, from lasers at one end to receptors at the other. These glass threads now carry almost all of the world's telephone and data traffic, including the Internet, so text, music, images and video can cross the globe in a split second. Unlike copper cables, glass fibre is not sensitive to lightning, and unlike radio it is not affected by bad weather. By 2009, the world's network of optical fibre was estimated at over 1 billion km.
B. The method depends on how light behaves in glass. A ray of light sent into a fibre bounces off the glass wall and keeps moving forward, because glass has a higher refractive index than the air around it. The core that carries the light is typically about 10 micrometres across, less than a single hair. In the 1960s, light signals could travel only about 20 metres through the fibres then available. In 1966, Charles Kao showed that the main problem was the glass itself, which had to be purified, and the first ultrapure fibre was made in 1970. Kao later shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics.
C. Fibre also links the continents across the ocean floor. The first transatlantic cable, laid in 1956, could carry 36 phone calls at once, and the first optical cable crossed the Atlantic in 1988. By early 2026, TeleGeography estimated that over 1.5 million kilometres of submarine cable were in service. For most of its route a cable is about as wide as a garden hose. Near the shore it is buried under the seabed, but in the deep sea it lies directly on the bottom. There are roughly 200 faults a year, and two thirds are caused by accidents such as fishing vessels and ships dragging anchors.
D. A call from a mobile phone travels wirelessly only as far as the nearest cell tower, and from there it moves through fibre-optic cables on land and under the sea. Content providers such as Google, Meta, Microsoft and Amazon are now major investors in new undersea cables. Satellites still reach areas that are not yet wired, but cables carry far more data at a fraction of the cost. In Canada, the $3.225 billion Universal Broadband Fund pays for high-speed Internet projects in rural and remote communities. The federal government reports that more than 90 per cent of Canadian households are now connected, and it aims to connect every Canadian by 2030.
E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.
Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.