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CELPIP Practice Reading: Reading for Information ID: #63113 Hard Canada lynx and snowshoe hare cycles

Read the following passage.

A. The Canada lynx is a wild cat of the boreal forest, the northernmost forest in the Northern Hemisphere. Its large feet, covered in winter by thick, coarse hair, help it travel over snow. The lynx preys almost entirely on the snowshoe hare, so its fortunes depend closely on its prey. Hare numbers rise and fall in a cycle about 10 years long, and lynx numbers climb as hares increase and then crash. Scientists who studied the fur-trading records of the Hudson's Bay Company were able to trace these linked cycles over the past 200 years.

B. The snowshoe hare is one of the commonest forest mammals and is found only in North America. Its fur changes from grey-brown in summer to almost pure white in midwinter, a change triggered by the length of the day. At the peak of a cycle, hares can reach 500 to 600 per square kilometre, and in those years they may kill saplings and shrubs by stripping rings of bark. Peaks happen at roughly the same time across the hare's range, although they can differ by one to three years between regions. Declines are largely caused by predation, and lynx, red foxes, coyotes, mink, great horned owls and northern goshawks are among the common hunters of hares.

C. For the lynx, the cycle brings years of plenty and years of hunger. Snowshoe hares make up more than 75 per cent of its winter diet, and when they are abundant, a lynx may kill one every one or two days. When hares are scarce, each lynx needs a larger area to hunt. After a hare crash, about 40 per cent of the lynx population may starve. In the three to four years that follow, lynxes still breed, but the kittens die before winter. Lynxes that do not starve must move away, and during some past crashes they entered Edmonton, Calgary and Winnipeg.

D. Many questions remain open. Trapping during the low years of the cycle can seriously reduce or even wipe out local lynx populations, and some biologists have recommended closing trapping seasons entirely during those lows. Scientists also still poorly understand how lynxes use and share their home ranges. The effects of diseases such as rabies and distemper on lynx populations are also unknown. Logging, fire, habitat conversion and global warming are changing the forests, and scientists do not know how these changes will affect the 10-year cycle.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.

- 1.
At the top of the cycle, hundreds of hares may share an area only a thousand metres on each side.

- 2.
Researchers still lack a clear picture of how these cats divide up space among themselves.

- 3.
Hares become fewer mainly because other animals catch and eat them.

- 4.
Hares in the east of the country reach the top of their cycle sooner than those in the west.

- 5.
A large share of the cats die from lack of food once their main food source has dwindled.

- 6.
Old business documents show that both animals have gone up and down together for two centuries.

- 7.
Young lynxes born in the lean years after a collapse seldom live to see the cold season.

- 8.
Employees of the trading firm whose records were studied were the first to spot the ten year pattern.

- 9.
Some experts would ban the taking of these cats completely whenever their numbers are at the bottom.

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