A.I. Explanation:

Correct Answer: D

Passage Reference: The miners were trained in 18th-century wood and stone working techniques.

Why this is correct: Look at paragraph D: the project gave work to unemployed coal miners. The miners were trained in 18th-century wood and stone working techniques. Unemployed means they had lost their jobs, and 18th-century techniques are old building methods.

Tips: Match 'lost their jobs' with 'unemployed' and 'old building methods' with 18th-century techniques.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: In paragraph A, the writer says military engineers built the first fortress from Vauban's designs. Nobody is being taught old skills there.
• B: Paragraph B describes fishing, trade and soldiers in the 1700s. Mining and training are not mentioned.
• C: The third paragraph ends with the British destroying the walls, not with anyone learning to build them again.
• E: Notice that paragraph D describes both the jobless miners and the training they were given, in two sentences next to each other.

Correct Answer: D

Passage Reference: Part of the town now looks as it would have around 1744, and costumed guides show visitors around.

Why this is correct: Paragraph D says part of the town now looks as it would have around 1744. The year 1744 falls in the middle of the 1700s, and 'part of the town' matches 'some of the old town'.

Tips: Paragraph B also has dates from the middle of the 1700s. Ask which paragraph talks about the present.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: Look at paragraph A: it describes how the town and walls were first built from 1719. It says nothing about how the place looks today.
• B: The second paragraph gives the population in 1740 and the 1750s, which is close in time. But it describes life then, not the town now.
• C: Notice that paragraph C mentions the modern town of Louisbourg. But that is a fishing port at the other end of the harbour.
• E: Look at paragraph D: it gives the year 1744 and says part of the town looks that way now.

Correct Answer: B

Passage Reference: It is believed that around 381 enslaved people lived there during the 18th century.

Why this is correct: Paragraph B says it is believed that around 381 enslaved people lived there during the 18th century. About 381 is several hundred, and enslaved people are people held in slavery.

Tips: Numbers appear in every paragraph, so check who each number is counting.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: Paragraph A gives numbers for the walls and cannon, not for the people who lived in the town.
• C: The third paragraph gives the size of the British army in 1758. It does not mention people held in slavery.
• D: Notice that paragraph D is about the rebuilding and the workers who did it in the 20th century.
• E: In paragraph B, the writer gives the number, about 381, and says they lived in Louisbourg in the 18th century.

Correct Answer: C

Passage Reference: Only three years later, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle gave the town back to the French.

Why this is correct: Paragraph C says New Englanders captured the fortress in 1745. Only three years later, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle gave the town back to the French. Three years is a few years, and giving it back means returning it.

Tips: Two treaties appear in the passage. Pick the one that follows a capture.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: Look at paragraph A: it mentions a treaty too, the Treaty of Utrecht, but that one let France keep the island. Nothing is returned after an attack.
• B: The second paragraph describes daily life, trade and the population. No attack or treaty appears in it.
• D: Notice that paragraph D tells of the rebuilding in the 20th century. Who held the fortress in the 1740s is not discussed.
• E: Look at paragraph C: it gives the capture in 1745 and the return three years later under a named treaty.

Correct Answer: A

Passage Reference: The fortress took more than 24 years to build.

Why this is correct: In paragraph A, the writer says the fortress took more than 24 years to build. Twenty-four years is well over two decades, and building the fortress means constructing its defences.

Tips: Change 'two decades' into years and look for a building time close to that.

Why the other options are wrong:

• B: Paragraph B mentions how the population grew over time, but not how long the walls took to build.
• C: The third paragraph gives short periods, 46 days and seven weeks, for the sieges. Those are about capture, not construction.
• D: Notice that paragraph D is about rebuilding in modern times and does not say how long it took.
• E: In paragraph A, the writer gives the building time in a short sentence of its own: more than 24 years.

Correct Answer: E

Passage Reference: Determined that Louisbourg would never again be a fortified French base, the British destroyed its walls.

Why this is correct: Paragraph C tells us the British took the fortress in 1758 and destroyed its walls. It does not say what happened to the people who lived there, so their return to France is not in the passage.

Tips: The passage follows the walls after 1758. Check whether it also follows the people.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: Look at paragraph A: it is about the founding and building of the fortress, long before any siege.
• B: The second paragraph describes the people who lived in the town, but not what became of them after 1758.
• C: Notice that paragraph C covers the second siege and the destroyed walls. The fate of the residents is left out.
• D: Look at paragraph D: it jumps to the 20th century and the reconstruction. The people of 1758 are not mentioned.

Correct Answer: A

Passage Reference: On the landward side, however, a series of low hills stood close to the walls, and they offered excellent positions for siege guns.

Why this is correct: In paragraph A, the writer says a series of low hills stood close to the walls on the landward side. They offered excellent positions for siege guns. Hills are high ground, and good positions for an enemy's guns are a weakness.

Tips: Paragraph C also gives a weakness. Decide whether the statement is about the land or the sea.

Why the other options are wrong:

• B: The second paragraph names problems such as drunkenness among the soldiers, but not the shape of the land.
• C: Notice that paragraph C gives a different weakness: without a strong navy, the town could not be defended from the sea.
• D: Here, paragraph D says the fortress was built to guard New France. But it gives no weak points in its design.
• E: Paragraph A ends with the low hills beside the walls and says they were good places for siege guns.

Correct Answer: C

Passage Reference: A British army of 13,100 troops, supported by 150 ships, took the fortress in seven weeks.

Why this is correct: Look at paragraph C: a British army of 13,100 troops, supported by 150 ships, took the fortress in seven weeks. The number 13,100 is over thirteen thousand, and seven weeks is less than two months.

Tips: Change the words into numbers: thirteen thousand troops and fewer than eight weeks.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: The first paragraph mentions 148 cannon on the walls, which is about the defence, not the size of an army.
• B: Notice that paragraph B mentions soldiers and officers, but those were the French soldiers living in the town.
• D: Look at paragraph D: it is about the rebuilding. British soldiers and the capture are not in it.
• E: In paragraph C, the writer gives the number of troops and the time they needed in the same sentence.

Correct Answer: E

Passage Reference: The miners were trained in 18th-century wood and stone working techniques.

Why this is correct: Paragraph D says the miners were trained in 18th-century wood and stone working techniques. It never says who did the training, and Parks Canada does not appear anywhere in the passage.

Tips: When a statement names who did something, check that the passage names the same people.

Why the other options are wrong:

• A: The first paragraph names the people behind the first design, Vauban and the military engineers. Parks Canada is not one of them.
• B: Notice that paragraph B describes governors and officers of the 1700s. It has nothing about miners or training.
• C: In paragraph C, the writer names British engineers who destroyed the walls, not anyone who taught skills.
• D: Look at paragraph D: it says the miners were trained, but the teachers are never named.