Correct Answer: C
Passage Reference: These layers record one long break in the hunting, and its cause is still unexplained.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph C: the layers of bones and tools at the base of the cliff record one long break. Its cause is still unexplained. A break in the hunting with no known cause matches the statement.
Tips: Match 'reasons nobody knows' with 'still unexplained'.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph gives the total length of time the hunting lasted, close to six thousand years. But it does not mention any pause.
- B: In paragraph B, you learn how a hunt worked and what the bison were used for. No gap in the hunting appears there.
- D: The fourth paragraph describes the interpretive centre and the site's protection today, not what the old layers of bone show.
- E: Paragraph C reports this: the layers show one long break, and nobody has explained why it happened.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: It lies in southern Alberta, where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains meet the Great Plains, about 18 kilometres from Fort Macleod.
Why this is correct: In paragraph A, the jump lies about 18 kilometres from Fort Macleod. Eighteen kilometres is less than twenty, so the statement gives the same distance in a rounder way.
Tips: Several paragraphs give measurements. Find the one that is a distance to a named place.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: The second paragraph gives a measurement too, the height of the cliff, but it says nothing about Fort Macleod.
- C: The third paragraph measures how deep the bones lie at the base of the cliff. That is not a distance to Fort Macleod.
- D: The interpretive centre and the site's protection fill paragraph D. Fort Macleod does not appear in it.
- E: Paragraph A names Fort Macleod and puts the jump about 18 kilometres from it.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: It is built into the cliff so that the landscape is disturbed as little as possible, and its five levels of exhibits cover the hunting culture, its eventual end and the work of archaeologists.
Why this is correct: Notice that paragraph D says the centre is built into the cliff. Alberta consults local Blackfoot-speaking First Nations about the site. But it never says who chose the building's design. So this is not given.
Tips: Being consulted about a site is not the same as designing its building. Look for who made the design decision.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph explains what the jump is famous for and where it lies. The building for visitors is not mentioned.
- B: The second paragraph is about how the old hunts were organized, long before any building for visitors existed.
- C: In paragraph C, you read about the layers of bone and the digs. Visitors have been able to watch a dig, but nothing is said about a building.
- D: Paragraph D describes the building and says Blackfoot-speaking First Nations are consulted on the site. But it does not say they decided how the building looks.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: Hunting at the jump went on until about 1850.
Why this is correct: In paragraph C, hunting at the jump went on until about 1850. It gives the date only. It does not say why the hunting ended or what happened to the herds.
Tips: A date for when something ended is different from a reason for why it ended.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Bison were hunted here for nearly 6,000 years, as paragraph A tells us. But it does not explain how or why this came to an end.
- B: The second paragraph describes the herds being guided over the cliff during a hunt. The end of hunting is not discussed.
- C: The year when hunting at the jump stopped is in paragraph C, but not the reason. It never says the herds disappeared.
- D: In paragraph D, there are exhibits about the end of the hunting culture. Yet the cause of that end is not given.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: Hunters used natural features such as coulees and hills to guide the herds into drive lanes, which were lined with rock cairns, and then stampeded the animals over a cliff about 10 metres high.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph B: hunters guided the herds into drive lanes lined with rock cairns before stampeding them over the cliff. Cairns are piles of rocks, and the drive lanes are the routes toward the drop.
Tips: If you do not know 'cairns', notice that they line the lanes that lead to the cliff.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph says the bison were driven over a cliff. But it does not describe the lanes or the markers that guided them.
- C: Stone tools found in the layers appear in paragraph C. They were used for butchering, not for marking a route.
- D: Erosion of the cliff and the paths visitors use today are in paragraph D, not the old hunting routes.
- E: Paragraph B describes the drive lanes and says they were lined with rock cairns, which are piles of rocks.
Correct Answer: B
Passage Reference: The bison gave them food as well as materials for clothing, tools and dwellings.
Why this is correct: In paragraph B, the bison gave people food as well as materials for clothing, tools and dwellings. Dwellings are homes, and food here means meat, so the statement matches.
Tips: Look for the paragraph that lists what came from each animal after the hunt.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The first paragraph explains that the bison were hunted here, but it does not list what the animals were used for.
- C: In paragraph C, research changed ideas about how the Plains people lived, but clothes and homes are not named.
- D: The fourth paragraph mentions exhibits about the hunting culture, but it does not say what the bison provided.
- E: Paragraph B lists these uses: food, plus materials for clothing, tools and dwellings.
Correct Answer: E
Passage Reference: In 1987 an interpretive centre opened next to the jump.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph D: it describes the interpretive centre, what its exhibits cover and who guides visitors. It says nothing about the cost of a visit. So we cannot tell from the passage whether adults pay.
Tips: Before you accept a fee, check that some paragraph actually mentions money or tickets.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: The site's distance from Fort Macleod and its size are in paragraph A, but not the cost of a visit.
- B: The second paragraph is about the old communal hunt. Modern visitors do not appear in it.
- C: Visitors have been able to watch a summer dig in paragraph C. But it does not say whether they paid for this.
- D: The centre, its exhibits and its guides are all in paragraph D, but it never mentions a fee.
Correct Answer: A
Passage Reference: For nearly 6,000 years, Indigenous peoples of the plains hunted bison here by driving them over a cliff.
Why this is correct: In paragraph A, Indigenous peoples of the plains hunted bison here for nearly 6,000 years. Nearly 6,000 years is the same as close to six thousand years.
Tips: Paragraph C also mentions thousands of years. Find the paragraph that gives an exact figure for the hunting.
Why the other options are wrong:
- B: Paragraph B explains the steps of a hunt, from the drive lanes to the camp, but it gives no length of time.
- C: Look at paragraph C. It says bones built up over thousands of years and gives the year hunting ended. It does not say how long hunting lasted in total.
- D: The fourth paragraph gives dates from the 1900s, such as 1968 and 1981, which are about the site today.
- E: Paragraph A gives the length of time directly: nearly 6,000 years of hunting at this spot.
Correct Answer: D
Passage Reference: Alberta manages the site in consultation with local Blackfoot-speaking First Nations, and Blackfoot-speaking guides interpret the site and their culture.
Why this is correct: Look at paragraph D: Blackfoot-speaking guides interpret the site and their culture. To interpret a site for visitors means to explain it. So visitors learn from guides who speak Blackfoot.
Tips: Paragraph B also uses the idea of guiding. Make sure the guides in your answer are guiding people, not bison.
Why the other options are wrong:
- A: Paragraph A mentions the Indigenous peoples who hunted here long ago, but not the people who guide visitors now.
- B: In paragraph B, hunters guide herds into the lanes, which is a different kind of guiding.
- C: Visitors watch a summer dig in paragraph C. But it does not say who explains the site to them.
- E: Paragraph D names the guides and the language they speak: they are Blackfoot-speaking.
