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LanguageCert Practice Listening: Part 3 (Monologue) ID: #60338 Easy Yellow 5

Instructions ›

You will hear a student giving a presentation about Danielle Gray giving a presentation about research into ancient cave art in Indonesia. Complete the information on the notepad. Write short answers of one to three words. You will hear the presentation twice. You have thirty seconds to look at the notepad.

Transcript:

Listening Part 3 You hear a professor of anthropology called Danielle Gray giving a presentation about research into ancient cave art in Indonesia. Complete the information on the notepad. Write short answers of one to three words. You will hear the presentation twice. You have 30 seconds to look at the notepad. Hi everyone. I'm going to tell you about some research into cave art on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Now, Sulawesi has long been well known for its abundant cave art. That was first reported in the 1950s. Until recently, however, the prevailing view was that this art was the handiwork of Neolithic farmers who arrived around 4,000 years ago from southern China, rather than the hunter-gatherers who'd lived on Sulawesi for 10s of thousands of years. Thanks to the work of Adam Brum, an Australian archaeologist, we now know that this isn't correct. In 2014, Brum re-evaluated the age of the South Sulawesi rock art. Based on the now standard method for dating, uranium series analysis of mineral deposits that formed naturally on the art, he showed that a stencilled painting of a human hand found in one cave was created at least 40,000 years ago. This makes it compatible in age with the famous Ice Age cave art found in Europe. Subsequently, Brum's team dated a spectacular painting at another cave called Liangbulu Sipong 4 in the south of Sulawesi at 44,000 years old. It's almost 5 metres in width and shows, beyond much doubt, a type of buffalo called an anoa, plus the wild pigs found on Sulawesi. Alongside them are smaller figures that look human but also have animal features such as tails and snouts. These hybrid figures are hunting the animals. The painting may therefore feature the oldest depictions of supernatural beings, although there's some dispute about this. But in his latest research paper, Brum reports finding a new painting that we think is even older. Back in 2017, he started visiting an isolated valley set in mountainous terrain near Makassar, one of Indonesia's largest cities. Despite its proximity to a major urban centre, there's no road to this valley and the small community of local farmers live a secluded existence. It's A pristine environment and a place of natural beauty. The valley harbours a limestone cave. Inside it, Brum's team found a rock painting the locals claimed they'd never noticed before. It portrays images of the Sulawesi warty pig, a small, short-legged wild boar endemic to the island. Painted in red ochre, it's very clear and shows one pig watching two others. At this point, the images become less clear as they're only partially preserved. But it looks like they may well be engaged in social interaction that might conceivably be fighting, but you can't see enough to hypothesise about that. Brom dated the painting to at least 45,000 years ago. And that's the really exciting bit, because this cave painting may well be the earliest ever portrayal of the animal kingdom. Some experts have speculated that it represents possibly the earliest figurative art yet uncovered. In other words, an image that resembles the thing it's intended to represent. As for Brum, he interprets the surviving elements of this artwork as a narrative composition. Of course, this is a feature of how we use images today, but it's an uncommon feature in early cave art. Dating rock art is very difficult at the best of times, but Brum's team were fortunate to identify a small calcite deposit, popcorn as scientists call it, that had formed on top of one of the pig figures. Brum sampled the calcite and analysed it for uranium series dating. Amazingly, the dating work returned an age of 45,500 years ago. His discovery underlines the global importance of Sulawesi and the wider Indonesian region for our understanding of where and when the first cave art traditions developed by our species arose. The great antiquity of this artwork also offers hints at the potential for other significant findings in this part of the world. Hi everyone. I'm going to tell you about some research into cave art on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Now, Sulawesi has long been well known for its abundant cave art. That was first reported in the 1950s. Until recently, however, the prevailing view was that this art was the handiwork of Neolithic farmers who arrived around 4,000 years ago from southern China, rather than the hunter-gatherers who'd lived on Sulawesi for 10s of thousands of years. Thanks to the work of Adam Brum, an Australian archaeologist, we now know that this isn't correct. In 2014, Brum reevaluated the age of the South Sulawesi rock art. Based on the now standard method for dating, uranium series analysis of mineral deposits that formed naturally on the art, he showed that a stencilled painting of a human hand found in one cave was created at least 40,000 years ago. This makes it compatible in age with the famous Ice Age cave art found in Europe. Subsequently, Brum's team dated a spectacular painting at another cave called Liangbulusipong 4 in the south of Sulawesi at 44,000 years old. It's almost 5 metres in width and shows, beyond much doubt, a type of buffalo called an anoa, plus the wild pigs found on Sulawesi. Alongside them are smaller figures that look human but also have animal features such as tails and snouts. These hybrid figures are hunting the animals. The painting may therefore feature the oldest depictions of supernatural beings, Although there's some dispute about this. But in his latest research paper, Brum reports finding a new painting that we think is even older. Back in 2017, he started visiting an isolated valley set in mountainous terrain near Makassar, one of Indonesia's largest cities. Despite its proximity to a major urban centre, there's no road to this valley and the small community of local farmers live a secluded existence. It's A pristine environment and a place of natural beauty. The valley harbours a limestone cave. Inside it, Brum's team found a rock painting the locals claimed they'd never noticed before. It portrays images of the Sulawesi warty pig, a small, short-legged wild boar endemic to the island. Painted in red ochre, it's very clear and shows one pig watching two others. At this point, the images become less clear as they're only partially preserved. But it looks like they may well be engaged in social interaction that might conceivably be fighting, but you can't see enough to hypothesise about that. Brum dated the painting to at least 45,000 years ago. And that's the really exciting bit. because this cave painting may well be the earliest ever portrayal of the animal kingdom. Some experts have speculated that it represents possibly the earliest figurative art yet uncovered. In other words, an image that resembles the thing it's intended to represent. As for Brumm, he interprets the surviving elements of this artwork as a narrative composition. Of course, this is a feature of how we use images today, but it's an uncommon feature in early cave art. Dating rock art is very difficult at the best of times, but Brum's team were fortunate to identify a small calcite deposit, popcorn as scientists call it, that had formed on top of one of the pig figures. Brum sampled the calcite and analysed it for uranium series dating. Amazingly, the dating work returned an age of 45,500 years ago. His discovery underlines the global importance of Sulawesi and the wider Indonesian region for our understanding of where and when the first cave art traditions developed by our species arose. The great antiquity of this artwork also offers hints at the potential for other significant findings in this part of the world. That is the end of Part 3.

Lecture by Professor Gray on ancient cave art in Indonesia

The island of Sulawesi in Indonesia is well-known for its ancient cave art.

This cave art was first brought to public attention in (1).

In 2014, Adam Brumm dated a Sulawesi cave painting by analysing material found on an image of a (2).

There is some disagreement about whether one 44,000-year-old painting is an attempt to represent (3) in art.

In 2017 the professor's team begain visiting a remote but beautiful valley near Makassar.

The artwork they found in one cave near Makassar is probably intended to show (4) between pigs.

The picture of pigs may be the earliest known example of what's called (5) art.

From what can still be seen, Brumm suggests that the picture of pigs may be part of a (6).

Scientists use the word (7) to describe the calcite deposit that allowed the picture of pigs to be dated accurately.

The discovery raises the distinct possibility that other, even earlier findings may arise.

Result:

Explanation

{ "questions": [ { "question": 1, "correct_answer": "the 50s", "why_correct": "The speaker says the cave art 'was first reported in the 1950s'. The notepad asks when it was 'first brought to public attention', so the answer is the 50s.", "alternative_answers": [ "1950s", "the 1950s" ], "common_mistakes": "Students may write '4,000 years ago', which is when farmers were thought to arrive, not when the art was reported. This is a Near-Miss Distractor mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for the decade the art was first reported", "The notepad phrase 'brought to public attention' matches the audio phrase 'first reported'" ], "tips": "When the notepad asks 'when', listen for a year or decade and write it clearly.", "transcript_reference": "...Now, Sulawesi has long been well known for its abundant cave art. That was first reported in the 1950s. Until recently, however, the prevailing view was that this art was the handiwork of Neolithic farmers who arrived around 4,000 years ago...." }, { "question": 2, "correct_answer": "hand", "why_correct": "The speaker says Brumm dated 'a stencilled painting of a human hand', using material that formed on the art. The notepad says an 'image of a ___', so the answer is hand.", "alternative_answers": [ "human hand" ], "common_mistakes": "Some students write 'pig' or 'buffalo', which appear later in other paintings, not this 2014 dating. This is a Near-Miss Distractor mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for the image dated in 2014", "The notepad phrase 'analysing material found on an image' matches 'analysis of mineral deposits that formed naturally on the art'" ], "tips": "Match the answer to the correct year, because the talk describes several different paintings.", "transcript_reference": "...In 2014, Brumm re-evaluated the age of the South Sulawesi rock art. Based on uranium series analysis of mineral deposits that formed naturally on the art, he showed that a stencilled painting of a human hand found in one cave was created at least 40,000 years ago. This makes it compatible in age with the famous Ice Age cave art found in Europe...." }, { "question": 3, "correct_answer": "supernatural beings", "why_correct": "The speaker says a 44,000-year-old painting 'may feature the oldest depictions of supernatural beings, although there's some dispute about this'. So the disputed idea is supernatural beings.", "alternative_answers": [], "common_mistakes": "Students may write only 'beings' and drop 'supernatural', losing the meaning. This is a Partial Answer mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for what people disagree about in the 44,000-year-old painting", "The notepad word 'disagreement' matches the audio phrase 'some dispute about this'" ], "tips": "When the notepad mentions disagreement, listen for the audio word 'dispute' and the idea near it.", "transcript_reference": "...Alongside them are smaller figures that look human but also have animal features such as tails and snouts. These hybrid figures are hunting the animals. The painting may therefore feature the oldest depictions of supernatural beings, although there's some dispute about this." }, { "question": 4, "correct_answer": "social interaction", "why_correct": "The speaker says the pigs 'may well be engaged in social interaction'. The notepad says the artwork shows '___ between pigs', so the answer is social interaction.", "alternative_answers": [], "common_mistakes": "Some students write 'fighting', but the speaker only guesses that and is not sure; the clearer phrase is social interaction. This is a Near-Miss Distractor mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for what the pigs seem to be doing together", "The notepad phrase 'between pigs' matches the audio idea of pigs engaged together" ], "tips": "When the speaker is unsure, pick the phrase they say clearly, not the guess after 'might be'.", "transcript_reference": "...Painted in red ochre, it's very clear and shows one pig watching two others. At this point, the images become less clear as they're only partially preserved. But it looks like they may well be engaged in social interaction that might conceivably be fighting, but you can't see enough to hypothesise about that." }, { "question": 5, "correct_answer": "figurative", "why_correct": "The speaker says the pig picture may be 'the earliest figurative art yet uncovered', meaning art that looks like the real thing. The notepad says 'earliest known example of ___ art', so the answer is figurative.", "alternative_answers": [], "common_mistakes": "Students may write 'narrative', but that word comes later; here the word is figurative. This is a Near-Miss Distractor mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for the type of art that resembles real objects", "The notepad word 'earliest' matches the audio phrase 'earliest figurative art yet uncovered'" ], "tips": "Two special art words appear in this talk, so match each to the right sentence.", "transcript_reference": "...And that's the really exciting bit, because this cave painting may well be the earliest ever portrayal of the animal kingdom. Some experts have speculated that it represents possibly the earliest figurative art yet uncovered. In other words, an image that resembles the thing it's intended to represent." }, { "question": 6, "correct_answer": "narrative", "why_correct": "The speaker says Brumm 'interprets the surviving elements of this artwork as a narrative composition'. The notepad says it may be 'part of a ___', so the answer is narrative.", "alternative_answers": [ "narrative composition" ], "common_mistakes": "Some students write 'figurative' again, but that answered the earlier gap. Here the word is narrative. This is a Near-Miss Distractor mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for the word meaning a picture that tells a story", "The notepad word 'part' matches the audio phrase 'narrative composition'" ], "tips": "A narrative tells a story, so link the word to the idea of a story being shown.", "transcript_reference": "...As for Brumm, he interprets the surviving elements of this artwork as a narrative composition. Of course, this is a feature of how we use images today, but it's an uncommon feature in early cave art...." }, { "question": 7, "correct_answer": "popcorn", "why_correct": "The speaker says scientists identified 'a small calcite deposit, popcorn as scientists call it', which allowed accurate dating. So the word for the deposit is popcorn.", "alternative_answers": [], "common_mistakes": "Students may write 'calcite', but that is the material; the nickname scientists use is popcorn. This is a Paraphrase Confusion mistake.", "key_listening_points": [ "Listen for the nickname scientists give the calcite deposit", "The notepad phrase 'scientists use the word' matches the audio phrase 'as scientists call it'" ], "tips": "When the speaker says 'as scientists call it', the special name comes right before or after.", "transcript_reference": "...Dating rock art is very difficult at the best of times, but Brumm's team were fortunate to identify a small calcite deposit, popcorn as scientists call it, that had formed on top of one of the pig figures. Brumm sampled the calcite and analysed it for uranium series dating...." } ] }

A.I. Explanation:

Correct Answer: the 50s
Why this is correct: The speaker says the cave art 'was first reported in the 1950s'. The notepad asks when it was 'first brought to public attention', so the answer is the 50s.
Tips: When the notepad asks 'when', listen for a year or decade and write it clearly.
Correct Answer: hand
Why this is correct: The speaker says Brumm dated 'a stencilled painting of a human hand', using material that formed on the art. The notepad says an 'image of a ___', so the answer is hand.
Tips: Match the answer to the correct year, because the talk describes several different paintings.
Correct Answer: supernatural beings
Why this is correct: The speaker says a 44,000-year-old painting 'may feature the oldest depictions of supernatural beings, although there's some dispute about this'. So the disputed idea is supernatural beings.
Tips: When the notepad mentions disagreement, listen for the audio word 'dispute' and the idea near it.
Correct Answer: social interaction
Why this is correct: The speaker says the pigs 'may well be engaged in social interaction'. The notepad says the artwork shows '___ between pigs', so the answer is social interaction.
Tips: When the speaker is unsure, pick the phrase they say clearly, not the guess after 'might be'.
Correct Answer: figurative
Why this is correct: The speaker says the pig picture may be 'the earliest figurative art yet uncovered', meaning art that looks like the real thing. The notepad says 'earliest known example of ___ art', so the answer is figurative.
Tips: Two special art words appear in this talk, so match each to the right sentence.
Correct Answer: narrative
Why this is correct: The speaker says Brumm 'interprets the surviving elements of this artwork as a narrative composition'. The notepad says it may be 'part of a ___', so the answer is narrative.
Tips: A narrative tells a story, so link the word to the idea of a story being shown.
Correct Answer: popcorn
Why this is correct: The speaker says scientists identified 'a small calcite deposit, popcorn as scientists call it', which allowed accurate dating. So the word for the deposit is popcorn.
Tips: When the speaker says 'as scientists call it', the special name comes right before or after.

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