Read the following passage.
A. In 1928, Alexander Fleming was studying staphylococcus, a common type of bacteria, at his hospital laboratory in London. Before he left for a two-week holiday, a dish holding a culture of these bacteria was left on a lab bench instead of being placed in the incubator as planned. When he returned, a fungus had begun to grow in the dish, and the growth of the bacteria near it had been blocked. Fleming concluded that the fungus contained a substance that was effective against bacteria. He named it penicillin, although he could not isolate it. His paper on the discovery appeared in June 1929 but drew little notice in the 1930s.
B. At Oxford, Howard Florey became director of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology in 1936. By 1940 he had about a dozen scientists working on penicillin, including the biochemist Ernst Chain. Chain and another chemist, Edward Abraham, found a way to purify and concentrate the drug, but many gallons of broth produced only enough to cover a fingernail. Their results were published in the Lancet on August 24, 1940. In February 1941, a policeman became the first patient treated with penicillin for an infection. The supply almost ran out, and even penicillin recovered from his urine failed to save him.
C. British drug companies were already busy making other medicines for the war, so in July 1941 Florey and a member of his team flew to the United States. They were put in touch with a Department of Agriculture laboratory in Peoria, Illinois, where large-scale fermentation was being studied. The British and American effort involved thousands of people and some 35 institutions. Chemists also worked to learn the structure of the penicillin molecule, and two different structures were proposed. In 1945, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin used X-ray crystallography to confirm the one that Chain and Abraham had suggested.
D. Antibiotics such as penicillin now face a serious threat. Antimicrobial resistance happens when germs change in ways that make these medicines less effective. The Public Health Agency of Canada says this natural process is made worse when the drugs are overused or used in the wrong way, such as taking antibiotics for a cold, which is caused by a virus. Few new antimicrobials are being developed, so the ones that exist need protecting. In June 2023, the federal health and agriculture ministers released a Pan-Canadian Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance for the years 2023 to 2027. The agency estimates that resistance causes roughly 5,400 deaths a year in Canada.
E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.
Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.