Read the following passage.
A. The first satellite tag on a wild animal dates from 1970. That year, researchers in Wyoming put a satellite collar on an elk named Monique. The collar weighed 10 kg and sent an analogue VHF signal. Over the following decades, tags of this kind led to new findings on whale journeys and on the migrations of herd animals. However, these early tags were heavy and had low accuracy. Nearly four decades after Monique, they were still too heavy for 75 per cent of birds and mammals.
B. Much of this work has relied on the Argos system. Each tag carries a transmitter that sends short messages lasting less than one second. Satellites flying 650 to 850 km above the Earth in polar orbits pick up these messages, and each one takes about 100 minutes to circle the planet. A satellite can hear every transmitter inside a circle about 5,000 km wide, and a pass over any one tag lasts about 10 minutes on average. The tag's position is calculated from Doppler effect measurements of its signal. If no ground station is in contact, the satellite stores the message until it flies over one.
C. A newer system called Icarus first operated in 2020 as an experiment on the International Space Station, where an antenna collected signals from lightweight sensors attached to animals. In 2022, the war in Ukraine brought the project's collaboration with Russia to an end, and Icarus stopped work. Engineers then miniaturized the receiver into a payload about ten centimetres long that can fly on a tiny satellite called a CubeSat. Compared with the station prototype, it uses one tenth of the energy and reads four times as many sensors. After a pause of about three years, the first new receiver went into orbit on 28 November, and six receivers are expected by the middle of 2027.
D. Scientists still disagree about how much the tags themselves affect animals. In a pool at the Vancouver Aquarium, researchers from the University of British Columbia found that trained northern fur seals swam three to six per cent slower and used 12 to 19 per cent more energy when wearing a tag. NOAA scientists who tagged wild fur seals in the Bering Sea point to studies suggesting that the animals adapt over time. The pool trials were short, however, and long-term effects were not measured. Writing in Hakai Magazine in 2018, both sides agreed that more work was needed to find out whether wild fur seals pay a price for wearing tags.
E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.
Decide which paragraph, A to D, has the information given in each statement below. Select E if the information is not given in any of the paragraphs.